Riskopedia
All Things Fraud & Credit Risk

Your go-to resource for clear, concise definitions and explanations of key terms and concepts in fraud and credit risk management
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Payment Fraud

False Declines

False declines occur when legitimate transactions or customer actions are mistakenly flagged and rejected by fraud prevention systems, leading to lost revenue and customer frustration.

Account Security Fraud

First Party Fraud

First party fraud occurs when an individual knowingly uses their own identity or accounts to commit fraud, such as intentionally defaulting on loans, misrepresenting financial information, or abusing policies for financial gain.

Cyber Security and Emerging Fraud

Fraud as a Service

Fraud as a Service (FaaS) is a business model where cybercriminals provide tools, infrastructure, and expertise to enable others to commit fraud, often operating through underground marketplaces.

Social Engineering Fraud

Fullz

Fullz refers to a complete set of stolen personal info of sensitive details such as name, address, SSN, and payment card data, often sold on dark web for fraudulent activities.

Telecom Fraud

HLR (Home Location Register)

HLR (Home Location Register) is a central database in mobile telecommunications that stores subscriber information, such as phone numbers, SIM details, and network access rights, used to authenticate and route calls and messages.

Financial Fraud

Identity Theft

Identity theft is a crime where someone unlawfully obtains and uses another person's personal information, such as Social Security numbers or credit card details, typically for financial gain.

Financial Fraud

Investment Fraud

Investment Fraud is the act of misleading investors or manipulating financial markets, often through schemes like Ponzi setups or fake investment opportunities promising high returns.

Account Security Fraud

Keylogging

Keylogging is a type of surveillance technology used to monitor and record each keystroke typed on a specific computer or device.

Regulatory

Know Your Business Verification

Know Your Business (KYB) verification is the process of validating a business’s identity, ownership, and operational legitimacy to prevent fraud, ensure compliance, and mitigate risk.